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A weighted coin with an input wire

hardware
thermodynamic-computing
history

Where p-bits actually came from: a word from 2003, an equation from 1963, a memory cell built badly on purpose, and a million-p-bit machine with no physical noise in it. Who started it, what the idea is made of, what it buys, and a factoring experiment of mine that gave the wrong answer for three hours.
Nov 8, 2026
43 min

How many sweeps is enough?

compilers
thermodynamic-computing
mcmc

thermir can now bound how long a minor-embedded sampler has to run, where the textbook mixing certificate gives up. A decomposition along the chains, a lemma I had to prove twice, a proof I couldn’t finish and didn’t need, one assumption I measured instead of proving, and what all of it does to how chains should be built.
Nov 2, 2026
16 min

Loop unrolling, or: what this site is named after

compilers
performance
fun
thermodynamic-computing

From emptying a dishwasher to the machine code of an Apple M2 to thermodynamic computers: everything you never wanted to know about loop unrolling, with real measurements.
Oct 22, 2026
23 min

Unit-testing a sampler

compilers
thermodynamic-computing
testing

Thermodynamic computers return samples, not answers. How do you test that a sampler is correct? I built a small test harness on top of Extropic’s THRML, caught a known miscompilation, showed how naive tests cry wolf, and tried computing error certificates at compile time.
Oct 19, 2026
15 min

Compiling for thermodynamic computers

compilers
thermodynamic-computing
hardware

A compiler engineer’s deep dive into the software side of thermodynamic processors: what a program means, how lowering becomes learning, what the back end has to solve, which tools are missing, and where the biggest opportunities are.
Oct 16, 2026
34 min

What’s still standing between us and thermodynamic computers

hardware
thermodynamic-computing
compilers

The concrete hardware and software roadblocks thermodynamic processors face today, what’s being done about them, and why the software side looks a lot like a compiler problem.
Oct 11, 2026
14 min

From prompt to token: LLM inference on a GPU, and on a thermodynamic chip

hardware
ai
thermodynamic-computing
llm-inference

What actually happens between hitting enter and seeing the first word of an LLM’s answer, and how the same request could be served by a thermodynamic sampling unit, once its open problems are solved.
Oct 10, 2026
15 min

Thermodynamic Processors: A Primer

hardware
ai
thermodynamic-computing
energy-based-models

Chips that compute by letting thermal noise do the work: how thermodynamic sampling units work, who is building them, and what to doubt in the headline numbers.
Oct 2, 2026
14 min

Embedding Wasmtime in C++

webassembly
wasmtime
cpp

A little guide on how to embed Wasmtime in your C++ project: calling WebAssembly from C++, calling C++ from WebAssembly, and passing C++ objects around with externref.
Jul 4, 2023
9 min
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